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【词条1】refuse

【点拨】refuse为动词,意为"拒绝"。常用于结构:

① refuse to do sth.

② refuse + n. / pron.

③ refuse sb. sth.。

如:

What annoyed us was that Mary refused to talk about this matter.

He refused his friend’s invitation to go on an adventure.

She is so enthusiastic that you can’t refuse her anything.

【拓展】

1. 辨析refuse&reject&decline

这几个词都可作"拒绝"解。其区别在于:refuse 是表示"拒绝"这一概念的最普通的用词,可接不定式,表示拒绝做某事,也可接名词,表示不接受;reject 语气比refuse 强,表示断然拒绝。如果不同意一种意见或信仰,通常用reject;decline 比较正式,表示礼貌、客气地"婉拒",当表示对于对方的邀请、请求、提议等表示"不接受"时,可以用decline 来缓和语气。如:

I refused to take part in anything that is illegal.

The army doctors rejected several recruits as unfit.

I invited her to join us, but she declined.

2. refusal为refuse 的名词形式,意为"拒绝,拒不"。如:

Your refusal of such a good offer was very foolish.

【词条2】arise

【点拨】arise为不及物动词,意为"产生;出现"。常用搭配:arise out of / from sth."由……引起"。如:

We didn’t know how the quarrel arose.

Disagreements have arisen from the new program.

【拓展】

1. arise还可意为"站起来,起立"。如:

He arose, telling me that he would wait for me outside the office.

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