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易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误

例 11. I don’t like the way which you speak to her.

例 12. I don’t care for pay. I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued.

析：例 11 中应在 which 前加 in 或将 which 改为 that 或去掉;例 12 中的 that 应改为 where 或 in which .

在定语从句中，有些特殊名词作先行词时其关系词的选取有一定的特殊性，如 way 作先行词时，其引导词可用 that 或 in which 或省略，如例 11 ;与 way 相似的还有 job, situation, point, case 等作先行词时，这些先行词若是被抽象成地点的名词，关系词应考虑用 where 或 in which ，如例 12 .

【考场思维训练】

例题：It’s helpful to put children in a situation ___ they can see themselves differently.

A. that B. when C. which D. where

【答案】D。解析：这里的先行词是“a situation”，带入定语从句中还原后为“they can see themselves differently in the situation”, 所以关系词应为where,相当于“in which”。

易错点七：忽略as 和which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别

例 13. He failed in the exam again, which was expected.

例 14. He failed in the exam again, as was not what he had expected.

析：例 13 中的 which 应改为 as ;例 14 中的 as 应改为 which .

as 和 which 虽然都可引导非限制性定语从句，但仍有以下三点区别：( 1 ) as 有“正如; 就像”之意，而 which 没有;( 2 ) as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首、句中或句末，而 which 只能置于句末;( 3 )如果非限制性定语从句是否定句时，只能用 which 引导。

【考场思维训练】

1、_____ we all know, Taiwan is part of china.

A. As B. Which C. What D. That

【答案】A。解析：as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整体。

2、The Beatles, ____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool,

A. what B. that C. how D. as

【答案】D。解析：本题考查as引导的非限制性定于从句。 as指代主句的整个内容，插入主句中。

易错点八：忽略that 和which 引导限制性定语从句的区别

例 15. This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen.

例 16. Here are the samples that — had I thought of it — you could have taken with you yesterday.

析：例 15 中的 which 应改为 that ;例 16 中的 that 应改为 which .

当先行词被最高级、序数词修饰或先行词本身是不定代词时，只能用 what 来引导定语从句，如例 15 ;当关系词后面有插入成分时，只能用 which 来引导定语从句，如例 16 .

易错点九：介词前置出差错

例 17. The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.

例 18. Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention.

析：例 17 中的 with 应改为 about 或 of ;例 18 中应把 to 移到 attention 的后面。

在定语从句中前置的介词必须和后面的动词或形容词构成固定搭配，如例 17 ;但并不是所有的固定搭配中的介词都可前置，如例 18 .

易错点十：which 和whose 的意义不明确

例 19. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us.

例 20. The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us.

析：例 19 中的 which 应改为 whose ;例 20 中的 whose 应改为 which .在定语从句中，关系代词 which 不能在定语从句中作定语，但 whose 可作

定语，“ whose + n ”相当于“ the + n + of which ”或“ of which + the + n ”。

总之，定语从句考查形式千变万化，只有掌握好定语从句的三个基本概念;先行词和定语从句中的四大成分(主语、宾语、表语、状语)，扎扎实实分析好句子成分，才能以不变应万变。

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