提醒:点这里加小编微信(领取免费资料、获取最新资讯、解决考教师一切疑问!)

易错点三:主谓不一致

例 5. Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.

例 6. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.

析:例 5 中的 likes 应改为 like ;例 6 中的 like 应改为 likes .

在“ one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中,定语从句的先行词是复数名词,故谓语动词要用复数形式,如例 5 ;在“ the (only) one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中,先行词是 one ,而不是复数名词,故谓语动词要用单数形式,如例 6 .

易错点四:与强调句型及其他句型的混合

例 7. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen?   

例 8. You’d better make a mark at where you have any questions.

析:例 7 中第一个 that 应改为 where ;例 8 中应去掉 at .

例 7 为带有定语从句的强调句, you bought the recorder 为定语从句,其引导词应用 where ,后面第二个 that 才是强调句中的 that ,此句可还原为: You lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder .例 8 为 where 引导的地点状语从句。

【考场思维训练】

例题: Was it in the village _____ we used to live in _____ the accident happened?

A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which

【答案】B。解析:句意是:在我们过去生活的村子发生事故的吗?

这是一个强调句型, 去掉中间那部分就是:Was it in the village (that) the accident happened?

强调的是地点状语in the village,所以要用that引导.

中间是一个定语从句修饰village

Was it in the village (which) we used to live in.

引导定语从句的关系代词是做介词in的宾语,所以用which 或者 that.由于是做宾语,也可以什么都不填.但是绝对不能用where. 但如果把后面的in去掉的话,就要用where在定语从句中做地点状语了.所以综合起来就是选B.

易错点五:对先行词概念不明确

例 9. It this library that you visited yesterday?

例 10. Is this the library where you visited yesterday?

析:例 9 中应在 library 后加 the one ;例 10 中的 where 应去掉或改为 that 或 which .(先行词为地点,关系词不一定用where)

在例 9 中, this library 是主语, is 是谓语, that 引导的是定语从句,但没有先行词,故应补加先行词;在例 10 中, the library 是先行词,定语从句缺少宾语,故应用 that 或 which 来引导,当然也可以省略。

【考场思维训练】

1. Is this the factory ____ he worked ten years ago?

A. that B. where C. which D. the one

2. Is this the factory ____ you visited the other day?

A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

3. Is this factory ____ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A. that B. where C. which D. the one

解析:对于以上三题,同学们如果稍疏忽,不仔细分析句子结构,弄清关系词的功能,很有可能全选B。我建议大家解此类题时分两步走一一“瞻前”、“顾 后”。所谓“瞻前”,即确定先行词;所谓“顾后”,即判断代替先行词的关系词在后面的定语从句中充当何种成分。诚然,以上三题先行词factory是表地 点的名词,但是代替它的关系词在后面定语从句中充当的成分却不一样。我们将其还原到从句中可以看到,在第一句中它搭配介词in充当地点状语,即“he worked in the factory ten years ago.” 所以关系词选where毋容置疑。在第二句中它充当visit的宾语,即“you visit the factory the other day.”所以关系词只能选that。在第三句中,主句缺表语,将题干还原为陈述句可得“this factory is ____ some foreign friends visited last Friday”.我们需要先把主句补充完整才便于考虑后面的定语从句,因而此处填入的词既要能充当主句的表语,还要能在从句中作visit的宾语,只有D 项“the one”符合。但要注意:“the one”不是关系词,是先行词,作定语从句先行词时,关系词that可以省略。

【小结】定语从句关系词的选择,不仅仅要看先行词是人物/时间/地点/原因,而且还要重点关注它在定语从句中充当的成分。

提醒:点这里加小编微信(领取免费资料、获取最新资讯、解决考教师一切疑问!)